Graves Disease

Graves disease is a thyroid condition which affects the gland in a way that the gland results in abnormal over activity and the thyroid of a person starts producing huge amount of hormones.This disease is one of the main cause of hyperthyroidism, it includes nervousness, anxiety, fatigue, bulging eyes, weight loss, hypertension and irritability. Sometimes the complications may lead to life threatening risks.
Graves' disease is more common in women than in men specially in USA. People over the age of 50 who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at severe risk for developing Graves' disease. Graves' disease is also the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting 13 million people and targeting women seven times as often as men.

Symptoms of Grave’s Disease:


1. Shaky hands.
2. Diarrhea.
3. Weight loss.
4. Tremors.
5. Lack of sleep.
6. Sweating.
7. Fatigue.
8. Irritability.
9. Rapid heart rate.

Diagnosis of Grave’s disease:


A blood test is usually performed to check levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid hormone thyroxine. If Low levels of TSH and high levels of thyroxine is found then only this disease can be diagnosed.

Treatment of grave's disease:


There is no way to prevent Graves' disease, high level of thyroid glands can be rolled back to the normal level taking regular medicines and by monitoring disease.

Adenoma

Adenoma is a benign tumor that develops from epithelial tissues, it is also found in colon it is often referred to as adenomatous polyps, mostly adenomas are not cancerous but they have ability to become cancerous. No doubt they left a noticeable effect where ever they target in the body that organ show that it is affected by adenoma and is quite uncomfortable for the individual. There are many types of adenomas that are common in women, such as adenomas of liver, colon adenoma which is more common in adults of growing age.

Causes of Adenoma:

The cause of adenoma are yet unknown.

Types of Adenoma:

There are three types of adenomas:
1. Tubular.
2. Tubulovillous.
3. Villous.

Symptoms of Adenoma:

1. Bloody cough.
2. Itching.
3. Bleeding.
4. Shortness of breath.
5. Chills.
6. Fatigue.
There are many unfound symptoms of this disease as well.
There could be many other unknown and unseen symptoms as well that can be seen vary widely.

Diagnosis of Adenoma:

1. By collecting urine samples.
2. By blood tests.
3. Ultra sound imaging.
4. CT scan.
5. Biopsy.
6. MRI.

Treatment of Adenoma:

The treatment usually involves the removal of adenoma although such types of medication can also be used to treat symptoms of this disease as well.

Ebola

Ebola is a deadly virus, the word "Ebola" comes from a name of Ebola River which lies in the northern parts of Congo, Africa, Ebola was first appeared somewhere in 1975-1976, it belongs to the family Filoviridae, which is causative for a severe and sometimes deadly viral hemorrhagic fever, it is mostly found in the animal family of monkeys such as gorillas and chimpanzees, some human beings have also got this virus as well. It is a fatal disease, In an ordinary person the fatality ranges are about 45 to 85 percent, the infections caused by ebola virus are severly acute.

Symptoms of Ebola Virus:

Some of the main symptoms of this ebola virus are:

1. Fever.
2. Headaches.
3. Rash.
4. Profuse hemorrages.
5. The incubation period Ebola HF ranges from 2 to 21 days.
6. Sore throat.
7. Stomach pain.
8. Diarrhea.
9. Vomiting.
10. Muscles and joint pains
11. Internal bleedings.
12. Hiccups.

How this Disease Spread:

1. Ebola is often spread to other people through families and friends of patient, because these people come close to contact with such secretions when caring for infected persons or also with touch of infected needles and objects related to a patient.
2. If used needles or syringes of infected person are reused by any other person then ebola can grow in more people.

Ebola Diagnosis:

1. There are some tests envolved in diagnosing this virus, like ELISA test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) etc. 

Ebola Treatment:

Doctors and specialist usually try to balance the fluids and electrolytes of patient, they also maintain their oxygen status and blood pressure, and treat them for any other infections.

Meningitis

Meningitis is also a very bad and disturbing disease, mostly it is caused by the viruses or some type of bacteria's but some people may be caused by the certain medications and illnesses which are caused due to some other problems, there are two types of meningitis,

1. Viral meningitis
2. Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is rare but it is life threatening if it is not treated well and on time. Whereas Viral meningitis is relatively common and far less serious it often remains undiagnosed because it is similar to the common flu.
If vaccinations are being given on time the meningitis can be treated successfully.

Causes of Meningitis:
1. They are linked with routine illnesses which is caused by any ordinary work.
2. Bacteria and viruses which spoils the skin and other systems of body.
3. It may cause head trauma or other types of local infections in a persons body.

Symptoms of Meningitis:
1. Fever.
2. Fatigue.
3. Headaches.
4. Stiff neck.
5. Illness.
6. Skin rashes.
7. Seizures.
8. Lethargy.
9. Irritability.
10. Eye sensitivity.
11. Photo-phobia.

Treatment of Meningitis:
1. One should see doctor if any of the symptoms found which are given above.
2. The patients should be kept is hospital in order to get proper treatment on time.
3. Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are really helpful in treating this disease.
4. Some diseases and conditions like sweating, fever and vomiting can play a vital role in reducing inflammation of the meninges which totally depends upon meningitis's level.

Anthrax

Anthrax is one of the deadly infectious disease, mostly the animals are affected by it, it attacks ruminants in most cases in which horses, cattle, sheep and goat are in huge quantity all around the globe, humans can catch this disease as well and the main cause of getting this disease is contacting with animals, now a days this infectious disease is getting and grasping more attention towards treatment, its diagnosis and research as compared to some years back when there was nothing.

Causes of anthrax:

1. It is caused by an infectious bacterium.

Some ways by which it can effect humans:

1. A person can get this disease through parts of skin where he / she may get injury and got healed by it without any proper treatment.

2. Through carcasses of dead animals that have been contaminated with anthrax it may be fatal for a life.

3. One of the deadliest cause of this diseases is through inhalation anthrax. If the spores of anthrax are inhaled by a person, which directly travels to the lungs of a person and where this bacteria creates some more bacteria.

Causes of anthrax:

Anthrax may cause some diseases which are as below:

1. Inhalation anthrax

2. Cutaneous anthrax

3. Gastrointestinal anthrax

Diagnosis of anthrax:

It may be easily diagnosed by following method:

1. Through skin.

2. Through chest x-ray.

3. Through stool or blood tests.

Treatment of anthrax:

1. The skin anthrax can be treated by the penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) easily.

2. A vaccine is available for treating anthrax but before that human welfare or human healths organizations should be reported about it so as they can research and treat that.

3. Anthrax is treated by antibiotics.

Heart Attack

When there is not enough oxygen flow to a heart, its function begins to suffer, heart is a organ which is responsible for blood and oxygen supply to all over the body, when there is insufficient or no passage for oxygen to flow it. Block the oxygen supply completely, and the muscle of the heart starts to die this is termed as heart attack, it is very common worldwide.

Causes of heart attack:

1. Plaque may become a blokeage.

2. Plaque which is made up of cholesterol it can block veins with lots of calcium deposits.

3. Narrow arteries.

4. Angina

5. Too much smoking may block the arteries.

Risk factors involved in heart attack:

1. Hereditary

2. Smoking

3. Diabetes

4. High blood pressure

5. High cholesterol

6. Cocaine use

7. Abnormal oxygenation

8. Severe angina

Sign and symptoms of heart attack:

1. Chest pain

2. Shortness of breath

3. Nausea

4. Jaw chew

5. Indigestion

6. Weakness

7. Fatigue

8. Pain in heart

9. Too much sweating

First Aid at home:

Immediately take an aspirin if you are concerned with any type of above symptoms or you experience heart attack.

Diagnosis of heart attack:

1. Medical history

2. Physical examinations

3. Diagnosis of cholesterol,smoking and diabetes.

important questions include:

1. When did the pain start?

2. What were you doing?

3. Did you have to stop?

4. Did the pain get better with rest?

5. Did the pain come back with activity?

6. Did the pain stay in your chest or did it move somewhere else, like the jaw, teeth, arm or back?

7. Did you get short of breath?

8. Did you become nauseous?

9. Were you sweating profusely?

Treatment of heart attack:

Treatment may involve weekly tests of blood pressure,blood and ecg.

Migraine Headache

Migraine headache is a pain of head's half part, this pains occurs when the blood vessels of a person enlarge automatically, it effects more females than males throughout the world, taking America only the ratio of causing migraine in women is three times more than men. This pains last for around 4 to 72 hours in adults and around 1-2 days in children.

Causes of Migraine Headache:

The main migraine headache causes are:
1. Listening to sound continuously for more than 3 hours.
2. Exposure to light for hours, for example, sitting in front of computer or television screen for long time.
3. Stress, hunger and sometimes fatigue plays important role causing migraine headache.
Treatment of Migraine Headache:

The best way that doctors advice is less use of aspirin, person should take rest when having migraine headache and should take medicine according to doctors advice.

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a medical disorder in which a person feels pain and aches throughout the body, this pain is found in some points which are also called tender points, which include low back, hips, shoulders, arms, leg and neck. Tender points which are mentioned above hurts a lot when some sort of pressure is put on them. Majority of people having fibromyalgia are women, there percentage is around 75-85% whereas men have less ratio of it.

Signs and symptoms of Fibromyalgia:

There are many symptoms of fibromyalgia but the main one's are :
1. Fatigue.
2. Joint pain.
3. Depression.
4. Stress.
5. Anxiety.
6. Headaches.

Causes of Fibromyalgia:

It has been caused to many people but its cause is not known up til now, some of the main causes which specialists think that they may be involved are:
1. Infection.
2. Illness.
3. Accidents like bike or car crash.
4. Doing same action again and again and getting injured by that.
5. It may be caused genetically.
6. Due to wrong posture.

Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia:

The diagnosis process is carried out by doctors by checking the past history of patient. It can only be diagnosed if the person have this pain from more than 1-2 months and having pain in tender points.

Treatment of Fibromyalgia:

It can only be treated with regular exercise and doctors advices physical therapy, pain killers are used to control pain.

Myopia

Myopia Definition:

Myopia is termed as the short sightedness of any individual, he may not see far objects clearly as all normal people can do, its a disorder of eye sightedness, the person cannot see the written things very far or see distant. People having myopia bears difficulty seeing far objects, but can see objects that are near clearly.
Example, a person who is nearsighted may not be in position to see highway signs clearly until he reaches closer to it.

Causes of myopia:

1. The rays of light tilt incorrectly into the eye whose work is to transmit scene or image to the brain.
2. Too much use of computers or television screens from very near may cause myopia.
3. The cornea of these people is curvature.
4. The eye ball may be too long.
5. Myopia may be by birth or by hereditary it runs in many families.

Symptoms of myopia:

1. Fatigue.
2. Eye strains.
3. Headaches.
4. Eyes burning.
5. Unable to look far away.
6. Itching in eyes all the time.
7. Tension in eyes because of tension in eyes.

Diagnosis of myopia:

1. By the standard eye exams used by all the doctors to check the eyesight.
2. By computerized eye checking.

Treatment of myopia:

1. Use of eye glass, lenses or refractive surgery are the main treatment ways.
2. Photorefractive keratectomy.
3. Laser surgery.
4. Various eye exercises may help if they are done daily and time to time.
5. Iron and protein supplement is important in myopia.

Constipation

Constipation is defined in term as fewer than three stools per week and severe constipation as less than one stool per week, it is a bowel disorder, it is caused by the slow movement of stool through the colon. Colonic inertia and pelvic floor dysfunction causes constipation. More than 95% of people age above 18 have intestine movements between 3-21 times weekly, and this would be considered normal. Constipation is found worldwide, there are many diseases in human body which are caused due to constipation, it is estimated that 75 to 85 diseases are caused as the result of constipation in human body.

Causes of constipation:

1. Slow passive of digesting food.
2. Problem in colon.
3. Colon disorders.
4. Food not chewed well can cause constipation.
5. Narcotic medications also causes constipation.
6. Iron supplements.
7. Increasing in dietry fibre.
8. Laxatives.
9. Hormonal disorders.
10. Pelvic floor dysfunction.
11. Colon inertia.

Diagnosis of constipation:

1. Anal fissure.
2. Medical history.
3. Abdominal x-rays.
4. Blood tests.
5. Barium enema.
6. Physical examinations.
7. Defecography.
8. MRI.

Treatments of constipation:

1. Maximum use of dietry fibre.
2. Using fruits and vegetables.
3. Low dose of food.
4. Use of lubricant laxatives.
5. Emollient laxatives (also known as stool softeners).
6. Hypersmolar laxatives.
7. Use of Colchicine.
8. Exercises.
9. Surgery.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy was one of the ancient founded brain disorder. Some facts are found that it was also quoted in ancient Babylon around 2500-3000 years ago. It is a brain disorder in which clusters of neurons or nerve cells, which lies in the brain at times signal unaccountably or you can say abnormally. The unfamiliar behavior are so called seizures or epilepsy. It is a disorder of human body it may found everywhere all around the world, no exact cause of this disease has been found yet but it is said that it occurs due to the dis connection or may be the fault in nervous system of the individual somewhere, epilepsy occurs in episodes and accidentally, no one knows when it is going to occur even not the patient is aware of it that suddenly the change will come, for example you are at work and you are a patient of epilepsy you don’t know when and where at the moment will it occur, some schemas about epilepsy are that the water is responsible for epilepsy because it is mostly seen that the patient develop the attack of epilepsy soon after he or she see water. A person having a severe illness may cry out, fall to the floor senseless.

Causes of epilepsy:

No exact cause of epilepsy has been found yet. Epilepsy may develop because of strangeness in brain working.
But some causes are related to brain disorders or genetic factor may play important role, poisoning and head injury may also lead towards epilepsy.
Some other main causes of epilepsy are.
1. Brain tumors.
2. Fatigue.
3. Genetics conditions.
4. Brain injury from birth.
5. Abnormal blood vessels in brain.
6. Leading poisons.

Symptoms of epilepsy:

1. Making of chewing movement.
2. Blink rapidly.
3. Persons feels abnormal smells, sounds or some sort of change in eyesight.
4. Nausea.
5. A blank stare.

Diagnosis of epilepsy:

1. Your previous history.
2. Physical examination.
3. ECG.

Treatment of epilepsy:

The surgery is the only solution along with the medications.

Paralysis

Paralysis is the loss of muscle movement with in the different body parts. Our body is being controlled by communication system between the central nerve and the central nervous system. Interruption of communication of nerve impulses anywhere along the nerve pathway from the brain to the muscles can damage control of muscle movement and cause muscle weakness and loss of coordination and it may lead towards the loss of movement of muscles which is paralysis. Paralysis symptoms can occur anywhere in the body it may occur either on both sides of the body or only one side. Sudden paralysis is a serious symptom signaling a medical emergency such as stroke or spinal cord injury.

Symptoms of Paralysis:

1. Clumsiness.
2. Fatigue.
3. Drooling.
4. Dumbness.
5. Loss of memory.
6. Confusion with memory.
7. Changes in personality.
8. Changes in behaviors and moods.
9. Fever.
10. Hearing loss.
11. Rash
12. Severe headache.

Causes of paralysis:

1. Disconnection between the central nerve and the central nervous system.
2. Environmental causes such as radiation, toxins or poisons.
3. Head trauma.
4. Strokes.
5. Disability.

Treatment of paralysis:

The treatment of paralysis depends upon the cause of partial paralysis.
It may include:
1. Physical therapies.
2. Medications.
3. Exercises.
4. Surgery.
5. Occupational therapy.
6. Counseling.
7. Rehabilitation in extreme cases.

Heat Rash

Heat rash which is also known as sweat rash and in some cases prickly heat is a itchy skin disease in which the different parts of body are marked with small rashes or reddish dots. The swear glands which lies in the skin of body are controlled by the brain to regulate temperature of body.
This heat rash takes place when the sweat ducts become blocked up and the sweat cannot get its way towards the surface of skin. It appears in hot and humid conditions like in summer.

Signs and symptoms of Heat Rash:

The main signs and symptoms of heat rash are given below.
1. Small red spots or rashes on the skin parts, usually on face, under breast, neck, chest ( where the rub of clothes takes place ) and folding areas of body like arms.
2. Heat rash or prickly heat looks same as shingles but it is itchy and person should consult doctors quickly.

Causes of Heat Rash:

Following are the causes of heat rash.
1. It is causes by using too much creams and lotion on the skin because it stops the sweat ducts and as a result heat rash is caused.
2. Usage of clothes which are tight enough and do not allow proper evaporation of sweats.
3. It is seen that most of the people tighten their selves with warm clothes during fever which is not good and often causes heat rash.

Heat Rash Prevention:

Use fans and other means of cooling methods in order to keep skin fresh with fresh air, do not use tight clothes and shoes because they cause rash. Do not play or go outside under sun in summer specially.

Heat Rash Treatment:

By applying these steps one can get rid of heat rash.
1. Doctors and specialist advice prickly heat powder or sprays to treat heat rash.
2. Some creams consisting vitamin A and C can treat it but it is not yet certified by the doctors.
3. Some anti-biotics may also needed in order to treat it.

Emphysema

Emphysema is a disease of lungs , that usually causes shortness of breath which appears due to expansion of the alveoli, it is a long-term disease in which the lung that involve in exchange of gases may be falling out or destroyed. Emphysema is listed in a group of diseases which is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. COPD in a group ranks fourth in USA only. Unlike cancer, heart disease and other disease which causes death, the death rate for COPD is high, men are more likely to have emphysema disease than women.
When the bronchioles of the lungs are leak, rupture or damaged it is impossible for the lung to exchange gases or air in that way, emphysema occurs which is weakened and results in stuck in of air in lungs, not only air supply is effected but also the blood supply may be effected.

Causes of emphysema:

1. Smoking, which is considered as the biggest cause of emphysema disease.
2. Destruction of lung tissue which occurs through many ways, like Smoking.
3. Enzymes may become weak which are responsible for the emphysema.
4. Air pollution.
5. Relative of infected persons can also develop this disease.
6. Older age.
7. Lungs infections.

Symptoms of emphysema:

1. Cough, sometimes caused by the production of mucus.
2. Too much smoking.
3. Barrel chest.
4. Heavy chest.
5. Too much cough and decongestant of chest.
6. Tolerance of exercise decreased by time.
7. Shortness of breath.

Diagnosis of emphysema:

1. Shortness of breath.
2. Pain in chest area.
3. Prolonged cough.
4. Suffocation along with breath.
5. Skin colour turning to blue or yellowish in color called cyanosis.
6. Too much sputum production.
7. Chest x- rays may diagnose it easily.
8. Family genetical history.


Treatment of emphysema:

1. Stop smoking immediately.
2. Bronchodilating medications such as albuterol is also known as Proventil and Ventolin, it works fast, and a single dose is enough for providing relief to the patient for around 3-5 hours. Albuterol a metered-dose inhaler or MDI.
3. Methylxanthines (Theophylline) , Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) and certain steroid medications may help.
4. Use of oxygen inhaler for shortness of breath over a period of time.
5. Lung Volume Reduction surgery (LVRS) is useful at the last stage of emphysema.
6. Lung transplant.
7. Certain rehabilitation exercises for lungs are also helpful.

Summer Infections

Some of the summer induced infections are mentioned below:

Heart Strokes:

Primarily occurs due to prolonged exposure to the sun and lack of fluids.

Symptoms of Heart Stroke:

1. Heavy sweating.
2. Muscles cramps.
3. Exhaustions.
4. Dizziness.
5. Headache.
6. Vomiting.
7. Nauseas.
8. Fainting.

Prevention of Heart Stroke:

Drinking plenty of water and fluids is the only prevention from this stroke.

Treatment of Heart Stroke:

Drink water and oral rehydration salts (ORS) to rehydrate the body if symptoms persists consult a doctor.

Diarrhoea:

Its also a sign of cholera and gastroenteritis.it usually occurs due to a bacterial infection In adults and the rotavirus in children.

Symptoms of Diarrhoea:

1. Vomiting.
2. Running stomach.

Prevention of Diarrhoea:

1. Avoid eating unhygienic foods and left overs.
2. Be cautious when eating food that spoils easily on heat.
3. Always drink boiled/treated/bottled water.
4. Rotavirus vaccination is available for children.

Treatment of Diarrhoea:

1. Drink loads and loads of water.
2. Water which contains salts and minerals.

Malaria and Dengue Fever:

Caused by mosquito bites, these are very serious diseases especially if not treated immediately.

Symptoms of Malaria and Dengue Fever:

1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Loss if appetite.

Prevention of Malaria and Dengue Fever:

1. Use of mosquito repellents and coils
2. Ensure that all doors and windows in your house have screens to prevent the entry of mosquito.

Treatment of Malaria and Dengue Fever:

If you are suffering from the above symptoms consult a doctor immediately.


Typhoid:

Caused by bacteria this is also a very serious disease if not treated immediately.

Symptoms of Typhoid:

1. High grade fever
2. Extreme weakness
3. Stomach and headaches
4. Loss of appetite
5. Diarrhoea
6. Constipation

Preventions of Typhoid:

1. Vaccinations
2. Drinking boiled water
3. Avoid unhygienic foods
4. Use contaminated water while cooking

Treatment of Typhoid:

1. Proper rest
2. For a month, proper diet plan.

Dwarfism

Dwarfism refers to the disorder of height, the abnormal height of An individual which does not resemble his or her Age is called dwarfism. It is very common in developing countries, epecially in Pakistan, India, Africa and some other locations of Asia are badly affected by it, it is not true that only these areas have this disorder its natural anyone can have it no matter where they are basically it’s a disorder of height.
It occurs as a result of problem in thyroid glands of a person which are present in the neck region, the thyroid gland along with thyroid hormones does not work properly, the thyroid gland is responsible for the height and some other diseases in humans.
Causes of Dwarfism:

The main causes of dwarfism are:
1. Dwarfism causes low self esteem in the patient.
2. Shame and feeling of loneliness.
3. Social influence.
4. Embarrassment.
5. Low confidence level.

Symptoms of Dwarfism:

The main dwarfism symptoms are:
1. The height of child does not develop with the age of the child.
2. Problems in thyroid hormones or glands.
3. Thyroxine does not work properly.
4. Deficiency of iodine.
5. Abnormal features of the face and body.

Treatment of Dwarfism:

The treatment of dwarfism is given in points form below:
1. Certain types of medicines in the market promises that they can increase the height.but there are only 3o % chances of the recovery.
2. Exercises may help.
3. Pull off and jumping exercises are specially helpful.
4. Iodine is important for growth and normal working of thyroid.
5. Good diet may work for better growth.
6. Counseling of the patient should be most important task for doctors and the family or belongings.

Queen Bee Syndrome

Queen bee syndrome was first diagnosed and defined by G.L. Staines, T.E. Jayaratne, and C. Tavris in 1973. Basically it is a psychological disorder, this disorder exists in women, it describes a woman in a position of leader or authority who views and harm other woman under her authority, she treats them more critically, this disorder suggest that women find it more stressful to work for women managers, but in the case of males it is different no criticized was found in case of males.
It can be said that queen bee is one who has succeeded in his or her career, but do not want other to do the same or to reach his/her level.
Former Primer Minister Margaret Thatcher can be taken as a noble example of queen bee.

Causes of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. This disorder may be the cause of jealousy among women which may lead towards critical behaviors.
2. Status, money, beauty, character and popularity may be the cause of jealousy among women.
3. Mostly it occurs in those women who are working models or a authority because of their gender they want credit for themselves not for any other women.
4. Divorces may lost the authoritative position by doing certain negative acts.

Symptoms of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. The woman infected by this syndrome shows certain anger, frustrations and bad behaviors especially toward female colleagues.
2. The social life of that person is not happy it is mostly seen.
3. The authoritative figure i.e female who has the authority might be not happy with her own life and she see other woman as a target that in real she is responsible for her lose.
4. Status symbols in comparing and in competition with other woman may lead towards the queen bee syndrome.

Treatment of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. It may only treated by counseling and several mind therapies.
2. Social life and social therapies may help.
3. Taking all the human kind as same and not differentiating among them may also help in behavior.
4. The schema that woman is responsible for the destruction of other woman should be removed from the society.

Sciatica

Sciatica is pain which is in the lower parts of our body resulting from movement or irritation of the sciatic nerve, it is felt from lower back towards backbone to thigh and knees, the sciatic nerve is longest bone which presents in human body, it begins from nerve roots in the lumbar spinal cord (low back) and spread through the buttock area, this pain of sciatica bone is referred as sciatica. This nerve can also move while pregnancy and as a result sciatica can occur.

Causes of Sciatica:

1. Any cause of irritation or movement of this sciatic nerve can reproduce the symptoms easily.
2. Irritation of the bone.
3. Swelling and severe pains.
4. Internal bleeding.
5. Tumors.
6. Infections.
7. Injury.
8. Certain bone problems.

Symptoms of Sciatica:

1. Burning sensations.
2. Numbness.
3. Pains.
4. Tingling radiations.
5. Hip pains are common.
6. Difficulty in walking.
7. Problem in bending and stretching of that bone.

Diagnosis of Sciatica:

1. It is not easy to diagnose Sciatica, but it is usually done by physical exam or by medical history of the patient.
2. With MRI.
3. Ct-scan.
4. X-rays.
5. Electromyogram.
These tests and medical analysis can diagnose the sciatica if it is present or not.

Treatment of Sciatica:

1. Sciatica treatment totally depend upon the causes and the severity of its pain.
2. Certain multi-vitamins should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.
3. Certain exercises should be done daily so as to avoid sciatica.
4. Pain management programs may help reduce the pains and severity of the sciatica.
5. Specialist doctors are good at guiding others according to their cases.
6. Arthropedics are the doctors who treats with bone difficulties.
7. In some cases surgery is more important.
8. Complete bed rest may help patient to fell good about pains and it can reduce the intensity of the diseases as well.

Polio

Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It attacks the nervous system directly. In some cases it is seen that polio infection can cause paralysis, usually the children are caught by this virus, People usually get it from polluted food or water. Most infected people never have symptoms as well, polio can be by birth. Although around 85% of polio infections cause no symptoms at all, affected individuals can exhibit a range of symptoms if the virus enters the blood stream, polio can damage the tissues and the effected area can never be prevented.
Once a person is infected by this disease polio, it usually takes about 3-5 days for symptoms to appear completely.
This virus is mostly found in parts of Africa and in some Asian region as well.

Diagnosis of Polio:

1. Weakness
2. Fever
3. Paralysis
4. Serious breathing
5. Severe muscles pains
6. Inability of use of one or both legs
7. Several muscles fails to work.

Causes of Polio:

1. Polio is caused by a virus which only lives in the main body parts of a person throat and intestinal tract.

Symptoms of Polio:

1. In mild polio, headache, nausea, vomiting, general discomfort or a slight fever for up to three days.
2. In nonparalytic polio, the symptoms are same as in mild fever in addition with moderate fever, stiff neck and back, fatigue and muscle pain.
3. For paralytic polio: tremor, muscle weakness, fever, stiffness, constipation, muscle pain and spasms, and sometimes difficulty swallowing.

Treatment of Polio:

1. Polio can be prevented through the vaccine which is available from more than 10 years. All healthy children between the ages of six weeks and 18 years should be vaccinated against polio as part of their complete vaccination schedule. But in some countries only children of having age less than 6 years are given vaccine.
2. There are some hospitals available where complete counseling of patients is also done.

Tetanus

Tetanus is a kind of infectious disease which is caused by infection or pollution of wounds and injuries from bacteria that live in the soil and other rusty materials. This bacteria which is also known as Bacterium Clostridium tetani is a very hard and long living organism capable of living many years in the soil in a form called the spore. Kitasota first discovered that bacteria in 1899. Tetanus occurs when a wound of a person becomes infected or polluted with bacterial spores, the tetanus bacteria then enters into the muscles and bones and that gram bacteria causes many toxic and very harmful after effects, those who recover from tetanus have no longer effects of tetanus in their lives.

Puncture wounds are the best entrance for the bacteria into your body, in United States only 45-55 cases are seen every year. In developing countries of some parts of Asia, South America and around all parts of Africa tetanus is far more common. The annual worldwide occurrence of tetanus infection is more than 50 million cases, this disease has around four types which may be seen in patients:

1. Generalized tetanus can affect all skeletal muscles and it is the most severe of all.
2. Local tetanus manifests the muscles spams and wounds full of bacteria.
3. Cephalic tetanus causes the effects on face after head or face injury and lock jaw may occur.
4. Neonatal tetanus effects the neonates babies.may be new born or 1 month old.

Causes of Tetanus :

1. Clostridium Tetani the name of bacteria which is the main cause of infection.
2. Spores are usually found in mud, sand and animal waste and may survive in ones body for long time.
3. Frostbite.
4. Surgeries.
5. Childbirth.
6. Abscesses.
7. Crush wounds.
8. People who are not immunized or vaccinated may easily get this disease.

Symptoms of Tetanus :

1. Sore muscles.
2. Muscles rigidity.
3. Muscles cramps.
4. Swallowing.
5. Facial muscles are often affected first. Trismus or lockjaw is most common.
6. Problems of open wounds.

Diagnosis of Tetanus :

1. Certain changes in blood pressure (especially high blood pressure).
2. Irregular heartbeat.
3. Fever.
4. Pains in muscles.
5. Incomplete tetanus immunization.
6. If the wound is large, crushed, or heavily polluted, you should go to the nearest hospital's emergency department for evaluation.

Treatment of Tetanus :

Tetanus shot are mostly used in order to cure it, it is also known as tetanus booster shot.
1. Antibiotics like metronidazole should be taken which is best to kill infectious bacteria.
2. Wound cleansing.
3. Pain medicines.
4. An injection for prevention to tetanus is must which doctors advise that one should prevent tetanus infection after getting injured, and this injection should be taken with in 24 hours of injury.

First Aid At Home :

1. Clean the wound with pyodine or Dettol by applying on clean cotton.
2. Apply pressure to the area of bleeding to minimize blood loss.
3. Skin should be cleaned with soap and running water.

Plague

Plague is a disease which is transmitted from infected animals, usually by an insect named as fleas, to humans. It may also cause from person to person by touching or breathing droplets that contain the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. This bacteria can easily spread into the bloodstream and starts effecting other organs of the body, plague is a dangerous disease, the bacteria can also cause death of the effected person.

Plague Causes :

1. Once a human is infected, it is fairly easy for that person to infect other people with the organisms especially if they develop pulmonary infection because droplets containing Yersinia.
2. Lea bite is dangerous if it bites many people at a time and transfer the disease to their bloods one by one.
3. In general, plague circulates in the areas where infected fleas on rodents transfer the bacteria to other rodents which usually take places by the jaws of two infected bodies.
4. Direct contact with infected body may cause plague.
5. Through animals especially dogs.

Plague Symptoms :

1. They can be classified into three categories:
Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. But a patient may be present with just one type also.
i. Bubonic: lymphs and nodes becomes swollen in three to seven days, term bubonic is derived from buboes) and the patient may also develop fever, chills, and weakness in this type of category.
ii. Septicemic: these patients do not develop buboes but symptoms may be chills, fever, shiver, bleeding,weaknesses, septic shocks, blood pressure.
iii. Pneumonic: pains, fevers, chest pains, shortness of breaths appear in this type of plague.

Plague Diagnosis :

1. Bleeding from any part of the body.
2. The two main types of problems, Fever and lymphadenopathy arises in a person who resides in or have visited to a plague-endemic area.
3. Patient’s exposure towards animals or fleas or the flea accompany them.
4. Patient getting fatigue or may get out of control due to the spreading of bacteria towards his or her brain.

Atopic

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease, which is not easily treatable, it affects large amount of population throughout the world. It is also called eczema, dermatitis, or atopy. Most often it is termed as skin allergy or sensitivity, the atopic dermatitis include eczema, hay fever and asthma like things, it may be a hereditary disease too it shows severe itching and rashes on the body.
"Atopic" refers to diseases that are hereditary, tend to run in families, and often occur together. It causes redness, swelling, cracking, weeping, crusting, and scaling, it can occur in any age but mostly it effects the young and infants, It affects males and females equally and accounts for 10%-20 % of all referrals to dermatologists, it has been researched that around 70% of patients develop symptoms in the first year of life, and 90% develop symptoms before the age of 5, it is common in urban areas because of the extreme outside exposure of the people towards the sunlight. People with dry skin are mostly affected by this. In this diseases if any thing touches with the infected area, it itches a lot.

Causes Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. The disease can cause due to two main factors: genetic (hereditary) and environmental factors.
2. Disease is associated with atopic disorders like hay fever (seasonal allergies) and asthma in many people.
3. Emotional disorders.
4. Itching all over body for a long time.

Symptoms Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. Red skin.
2. Dryness.
3. Itching.
4. Sensation of burning on skin.
5. Typical affected skin areas include the folds of the arms, the back of the knees, wrists, face, and hands.
6. Itching is also a main problem in this disease which usually occurs during sleep time, when conscious control of scratching reduces and the absence of the outside stimuli makes the itchiness more problematic and noticable.
7. Itching on pimples may worsen the condition towards atopic dermatitis.

Treatment Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. The doctors and specialists suggests some sort of treatment plan which are usually based on the patient's age, his/her symptoms, and general health condition.
2. Lubricating the skin right after baths or showers may help.
3. Keep finger nails short, try to cut them after 8 days.
4. Choose soft clothes for babies specially.
5. Consider using antihistamines to decrease the scratching at night.
6. Phototherapy main also help getting at normal condition.
7. Using creams which kill bacteria like clear, gentacin and tracnesan, Giving moisture to body while atopic dermatitis can help in removing dryness from skin.

Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a reading disorder, it may refer to as the mathematical or intelligence problem in childhood and in adulthood as well, according to British dyslexia association it is said that dyscalculia and dyslexia go together but independent of each other, 40 to 50 % of dyslexics shows no sign of dyscalculia, it is also found that every 3 to 4 % of population is effected by dyscalculia of those who only have difficulty with mathematics and but have good or even excellent performance with other subjects, this disorder actually effects both the three sensation of the person involved in solving mathematical or technical things they are: visual perception, visual memory and logical thinking.

Symptoms of Dyscalculia :

1. Poor understandings of the signs +, _, *< % , # etc. that is difficulty in understanding sign languages.
2. A person feels difficulty in mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, division etc
3. Difficulty with time tables.
4. Difficulty with numbers and amounts.
5. Problem in using calculator.
6. Every kind of mathematical objects can easily confuse patients of dyscalculia.
7. May have poor sense of directions like west, north, east and south.
8. May have difficulty in measuring instruments or distances.

Diagnosis Of Dyscalculia :

The disorder can be diagnosed easily if your child or a person is experiencing problems in mathematics or reading even in other subjects, after diagnosis so as to confirm it you should see a specialist psychologist who deals with it and he may take your counseling and will show you results according to your mind position.

Treatment of Dyscalculia :

1. First of all focus on their strengths and weaknesses.
2. Find different methods to approach math problems.
3. Encourage the patients to ask questions.
4. Its treatment is possible through different ways like, with love, research on subject and patience.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is also called split personality disorder, it is a chronic, severe, debilitating mental illness that affects nearly 1% of the population in which more than 2 million people in the United States are affected by it alone, it effects majority of men as compared to women around the world, it is characterized within an individual’s social, behavioral and thoughts problems, no doubt its an psychotic problem. The problem of thinking which is attached with schizophrenia is described as psychosis, in that the person's thinking is completely out of touch means the person could not handle that with reality at times, for example they might hear several voices and may feel that a bug is crawling on their skin when there is nothing actually, they may see the dead persons and they may feel many things which a normal person does not trust at all, children of around 5-6 years of age or above may have this disorder, it is truly not a hereditary disease in fact.

Types of Schizophrenia :

There are different types of Schizophrenia, some of them are:
1. Residual Schizophrenia: In this type, the person having this disorder would have only negative symptoms (such the symptoms are characterized by a decrease in function, such as withdrawal, disinterest, and not speaking).
2. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: episodic Schizophrenia.
3. Catatonic Schizophrenia: difficulties in movements , running and walking.
4. Paranoid Schizophrenia: may hear auditory sensations and may be fear full of some selected delusions.
5. Disorganized Schizophrenia: problems in speaking and language disorders.
Causes of Schizophrenia:
1. It is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors.
2. Environment
3. Circumstances of child hood
4. Life circumstances
5. If someone losses his/ her parent at early age, weak family background or poverty, emotional, sexual, or physical abuse, physical or emotional neglect and insecure attachment have been associated with the development of this illness.

Symptoms of Schizophrenia :

1. Catatonic behaviors.
2. Disorganized speech.
3. Loneliness.
4. Belief in the basis which are not real.
5. Lack of motivation.
6. Lack of speech.
7. Inhibition of facial expressions.

Diagnosis of Schizophrenia :

1. Anxiety.
2. Depression.
3. Loneliness.
4. Autism.
5. Bizarre behavior.
6. Dissociative identity disorder.
7. Mental illness.
8. Committing suicide or trying to do several times.
9. Intake of drugs in huge amount.

Treatments of Schizophrenia :

Schizophrenia can be treated by following ways :
1. Medications that provide some sort of relief and which helps in the betterment of sufferer includes olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), aripiprazole (Abilify), paliperidone (Invega) and asenapine (Saphis).
2. Mood stabilizer medicines are also used.
3. Lithium is effective in treating schizophrenia and is good for depression and behavioral disorders.
4. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is very effective in treating the patients of Schizophrenia.
5. Counseling can be done from a expert psychologist or counselors.
6. Family psycho-education.
7. Assertive community treatment (ACT).
8. Substance abuse treatment.
9. Psychosocial treatments.
10. Cognitive behavioral therapy also abbreviated as ( CBT ).

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa belongs to the group of hereditary progressive retinal degenerations or dystrophies which is very common, there is a variation in this disease from person to person, most commonly it is the degeneration of retina that is the cones and rods of the eye which are special light receptors.
In this disease the rods of the retina are effected first and after all the cones are deteriorate. In this progressive degeneration of the retina the peripheral vision slowly constrict the central vision, it lasts a long lifetime of an individual.

Causes Of Retinitis Pigmentosa :

1. It may be inherited from generation to generation.
2. It can be transfer from one eye to another later ever in life but if one eye is infected surely the other one will also get this symptom.
3. Some genes like dominant recessive links, sex links recessives, genetic pedigree.
4. Along with this disease there may be a chance of usher syndrome as well.


Diagnosis Of Retinitis Pigmentosa :

1. Retinitis pigmentosa is a disease which may be present from early childhood or may be from birth but it shows its prescence in teenage.
2. There are approximately 78,000 people in the United States with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).
3. Along with retinitis pigmentosa hearing loss and blindness may occur.
4. Loss in seeing periphery.

Symptoms Of Retinitis Pigmentosa :

1. Difficulty in night vision.
2. Tunnel vision.
3. Night blindness occur in some cases.
4. Total blindness eventually ensues in most cases.

Treatment For Retinitis Pigmentosa :

1. Specialists recommend the vitamin A therapy, based on research dating back to the early 1990s.
2. Vitamin E is compulsory for the patient.
3. Omega-3-rich diet containing docosahexaenoic acid is also a valuable diet and can easily slow down disease progression.
4. Salads, fish, milk, chicken, cereals and the foods enrich with vitamin A and E should be used.

Melasma

Melasma is a very common tan, brown or blue-gray facial skin decoloration of the skin mostly seen in women specially in reproductive years.
It usually visible on the upper lips, cheeks, forehead and on the chin of mostly women with the age of 21-50+ years, its uncommon in men but it is seem in some cases but the ratio is having in women is huge. It is usually thought that is come visible due to more exposure in sun and for those who work under sun, external hormones like birth control pills and internal hormonal changes as seen in pregnancy. Sun exposure is the most common cause of this disease, it is found in latin and asians, people with darker skin like hispanics Asians, Africans and olive darker skin victims may have it and there is more chance for them to have it, 6 million patients of melasma are in U.S and about 85% are all around world and mostly are women.

Causes of Melasma :

1. Exact cause is unknown yet.
2. Pregnancy.
3. Birth control pills may cause melasma.
4. Sun exposure sufficient amount of ultra voilent rays.
5. Genetic predisposition.
6. Inheritance.

Diagnosis of Melasma :

1. The main point from which it is mostly diagnosed is by the typical appearance of brownish skin patches on the whole face of a person.
2. By examination of skin by an expert of skin.
3. Hyperpigmentation on skin.
4. Change in tone of skin.
5. Small dark patches occur on the skin.

Treatment of Melasma :

1. Hydroquinone creams like the over-the-counter products Esoterica and Porcelana and prescription 4% creams like Obagi Clear, Glyquin, Tri-Luma, and Solaquin. Products with HQ concentrations above 2% generally require a prescription.
2. Use of sun screen avoiding masks or avoiding ultarvoilent rays.
3. A phenolic hypopigmenting agent, azelaic acid, and retinoic acid (tretinoin), nonphenolic bleaching agents, and/or kojic acid may be prescribed.

Hallucinations

Hallucinations are the psychological cognitive processes which may include :

1. Feeling of crawling sensations on skin.
2. Seeing those objects or patterns which are not there.
3. Hearing voices but in real no one spoken.
4. Feeling different smells and tastes when they are not real.
5. Schizophrenia.

Sleep deprivation hallucinations is also a type of this psychological disorder, There are different types of recreational drugs, in which some drugs include LSD and other strong types of marijuana can cause hallucinations. In other cases, hallucinations can be normal, For instance, getting or hearing the voice of someone, or briefly seeing and sometimes grieving process like a died loved one.

Hallucinations Causes :

1. High and high fever.
2. Drugs.
3. Sadness.
4. Sensory problem like deafness and blindness.
5. Dementia and delirium.
6. Use of cocaine
7. Brain cancers.
8. Post-traumatic stress disorder.
9. Depressions.
10. Loneliness.

Hallucinations Diagnosis :

1. A person who is hallucinating looks more nervous, another prospective of a person being paranoid is also seen and he/she also looks frightened, these types of people should not be left alone, because they can met with any type of accident or can harm themselves.
2. He/She may harm others as well.
3. He may love to be alone and talk by himself ( like a mad person does).
4. He may be mentally disturbed and can easily cause severe injuries to himself.

Treatment Of Hallucinations :

A consultant or a medical expert will counsel the patient by asking several questions and by providing treatment according to those answers they may be :
1. How long have you been having hallucinations?
2. What causes you to harm others?
3. Why are you tensed?
4. Do you counter hallucinations before or after sleep?
5. Are you having fever?
6. Has there been a recent death or other emotional event?
7. Do you use drugs in irregular proportion?
Doctors may ask frequent questions like the above ones and will treat the patient according to the answers and can handle the patient easily after taking this questionnaire.

Pagets Disease Of Bone

Pagets disease is an abnormal condition of the bone, it a chronic condition of bone actually and characterized by disorder of normal bone remodeling process. In bone affected by Pagets disease, the bone remodeling is disturbed and not synchronized as a result the bone becomes enlarged, dense less, abnormal, brittle and can easily fracture or breakage, mostly the pagets disease of bone effects the bone of adults, around 2% of adults have this disease in United States. The most common bones affected by Pagets disease include the spine, the thigh bone (femur), the pelvis, the skull, the collarbone (clavicle), and the upper arm bone (humerus). the other name for pagets disease of bone is osteitis deformans, it can be seen in children also but in form of juvenile.

Causes Of Pagets Disease :

1. Sequestrosome 1 gene on chromosome 5 are associated with pagets disease.
2. Virus infections may cause pagets disease.
3. Hereditary gene of pagets disease of bone may transfer from one generation to another through parents to offspring.
4. Lack of calcium and iron may cause abnormal bone function.

Symptoms Of Pagets Disease :

1. It is noticed when x-rays are suppose to be taken when they are to be take for another reason but suddenly pagets disease of bone come to sight.
2. Bone pain.
3. Enlarged bones.
4. Fractures
5. Deformity.
6. Arthritis.
7. Tingling and numbness.
8. Pain and stiffness of knee or hip.
9. When skull bone are effected hearing loss,vision or headaches may occur.
10. Weakness feeling in effected bones.

Treatments Of Paget Disease Of Bone :

The treatment methods involve certain types of medicines for bone, they should be carbon, potassium, calcium and iron enriched.
1. Several types of exercises are prescribed by the doctors for patients of this disease which can be done daily to avoid the stiffness or bone jam.
2. Milk is a complete food and helps in re growing of bones and maintains the condition of bones.
3. Bone pain usually needs anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or sometimes pain-healing medications.
4. Actonel, fosamax, etidronate, zoledronate, pamidronate and risedronate should be used in medicines to avoid pains and certain compilations of pagets disease of bones.

Rabies

Rabies is a disease in humans which is caused by the bite of any animal like dog or other if they are infected by the rabies virus, it causes certain brain diseases in humans and if not properly treated they cause respiratory problems and death in almost every person infected, rabies has been transmitted by saliva droplets from an infected animal that contacts a skin break (abrasion or cut).

Except new Zealand and Australia rabies is found worldwide, the countries with dogs have most commonly seen infected by rabies. Bats, cats, foxes and raccoons can be infected by rabies other than dogs, about 55,000+ deaths yearly are results of rabies worldwide.

Signs And Symptoms Of Rabies :

1. Headaches
2. Fever
3. Irritation in body
4. Itching
5. Shivering
6. Drooling
7. Anxiety
8. Hallucinations
9. Delirium
10. Convulsions
11. Insomnia
12. Muscles spasms
13. Swallowing difficulty
14. Numbness and tingling

Causes Of Rabies :

It was suggested by the scientist Girolamo Fracastoro studied rabies and concluded that it was a communicable disease transmitted to people by direct contact with saliva from infected animals, animals can easily transmit rabies to humans and other animals which may result in severe and dangerous happenings to the patients, a person may also die if not treated well and if not given the vaccine as the first aid he may develop sever nerve breakdown and may loss the control over body.

Rabies Treatment :

1. It can be treated by giving a person an injection of rabies immune globulin and another injection of rabies vaccine as soon as possible after the bite or exposure to saliva from an infected animal.
2. CDC is an additional vaccine from 2010 and onwards for the patients of rabies, which is to be given on day 3rd,7th and 14th after exposure.

Rabies Prevention :

The best and easy way to prevent rabies in a country is to prevent the animals from getting rabies, the complete rabies cycle vaccine should be given to the animals and in this way the rabies will be minimize itself and the people will also be automatically prevented from rabies.

Pica

What is Pica ?

Pica is a medical disorder non nutritive in nature, it may be caused due to some psychological issues of the individual, characterized by an appetite for substances which are usually not eatable and have are non nutritive (for example clay, metal, coal, sand, dirt, soil, toothbrushes, soap, mucus, ash, gum and things which are available in powdery form or the ingredients from the food source (for example salt, flour, potato, rice, starch, ice cubes). The word Pica basically comes from a latin word magpie a bird that is reputed to eat almost everything. pica can be seen in people of all ages but most commonly seen in pregnant women,children and the people with developmental disorders.
Most commonly pica is seen in women and children, it is found in those children who have habit of eating dangerous things like lead, plastics and steels and other things which are poisonous.

Causes Of Pica Syndrome :

Pica syndrome is disorder of appetite cause due to mineral deficiency like take iron deficiency which results in celiac diseases or certain hookworms infection, the individual eats those minerals in pica form in which he is having deficiency in his body. It is usually seen that some mental health conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder can easily cause this disorder, it is also researched that traumatic stress are also lead to pica, individuals having pica disease have some sort of family problem, child abuse and some other factors too.

Symptoms Of Pica :

1. When it is diagnosed that the individual eats non nutritive foods or metals.
2. Eating those things (non nutritive) again and again by an individual.
3. Although eating poisonous or dangerous things without any hesitation.
4. Addiction of non nutritive or harmful food ingredients and also the metals.

Treatment Of Pica :

1. Treating the deficiencies of minerals in body.
2. Family advice
3. Consulting a doctor which can guide and can handle the psychological problems regarding this.
4. The therapy and medication such as SSRIs are commonly used throughout the world.
5. Zinc is successful at treating pica.
6. Behavior therapies.

Goiter

Goitre is caused due to deficiency of iodine in diet, it is also known as Goiter, the deficiency of iodine causes swelling in the neck where thyroid gland is, there are 90% cases worldwide effected by goiter, iodine is a compulsory mineral for avoiding goiter, most commonly it is widely seen in those countries which are developing and the intake of salts or iodine are low there, iodine is to be taken by every men, women, children, teenage and infant to avoid goiter.

Causes Of Goitre :

1. The thyroid gland which lies in the body uses organic iodine in its secretion process and a diet deficient in organic iodine is affecting factor towards causing this disease, especially under physical and emotional disturbances.
2. It effects those who intake denatured foods.
3. Food taken in raw or uncooked form may also lead toward goiter.

Symptoms Of Goiter :

1. Swelling on neck area appears and it is very obvious may be clearly seen on the neck easily.
2. Pain in the neck region.
3. Fever, headaches.
4. Fatigue.
5. Unemotional and embarrassment in state of mind.
6. Lack of confidence.
7. Dull skin color.

Home Remedies Of Goiter :

1. Rest and bowel cleansing with lukewarm water:
For the first five days the patient should take complete rest and should clean the bowel with lukewarm water daily.

2. Using seeds of Flex:
The seeds of flex are good for reducing swelling, they should be heated in water, grounded and then applied to effected area.

3. Bauhinia variegate for goiter:
Also known as kachnar should be used for goiter, it should be used in empty stomach twice a day.

4. Swamp cabbage for goiter:
the water or tea of swamp cabbage should be used daily, it is good for thyroid hormones.

5. Using iodine:
Iodine should be given in organic form oats, garlic, lettuce, onion, carrot, guavas, pineapple, egg yolks, citrus fruits, rice, strawberries and tomatoes should be given.

6. Leaves of dandelion are good for goiter.

7. Watercress paste:
A paste made of watercress applied to effected area reduces the swelling and pain in goiter effected area.


Diets For Goitre Patients :

1. Fruits.
2. Milk.
3. Fresh fruit juices.
4. Those foods which are enrich with iodine and calcium.

Foods To Avoid During Goiter :

1. White sugars.
2. Teas.
3. Alcohols.
4. Flesh foods.
5. Greasy foods.
6. Condiments.
7. Preserves.

Blue Babies

Blue babies syndrome is an environmental caused disease in children. It is also called methemoglobinemia, it causes when the blood of an infant is unable to carry enough rewired amount of oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body. It is caused by a increased level of methemoglobin which lies in the blood.
Methemoglobin is a non oxygen carrying enzyme which is produced in body continually, it is converted into haemoglobin. The amount of haemoglobin reduces due to the Methemoglobin. The blue babies is a environmental cause, basically the color of the baby soon after or after sometime becomes bluish in color due to lack of oxygen in heart and blood.

Causes Of Blue Babies :

Blue baby syndrome is caused by several congenital heart defects which results in low supply of oxygen along with blood in the body and the abnormal flow of the blood from right to left shunt causes baby to turn blue in color. Other causes are :
1. Baby health condition.
2. Skin conditions.
3. Respiratory condition.

Symptoms Of Blue Babies :

1. Blueness in baby’s body.
2. Weakness and lack of blood.
3. Cyanosis.
4. Respiratory problems.
5. Circulation defects.
6. Heartbeat resonance abnormal.

Treatment Methods Of Blue Babies :

1. The foremost and first option doctors avail after blue baby is diagnosed in a baby they go for the heart surgery to pump the blood in balanced manner through the shunts of the heart.
2. Secondly the supply of oxygen while performing the heart surgery is necessary.
3. Treating cyanosis is very compulsory.
4. Many of the babies died after the heart surgery but now the treatment of blue babies is well known by the doctors.

Insomnia

Insomnia which is also known as sleeplessness is a disorder which mostly experienced by people having age more than 18 or one can say adults in their life. An estimated 25% to 45% of the general population are affected by this disorder and around 10% have chronic insomnia, insomnia is not a disease but it is a condition or state of mind, in this state of mind an adult mostly experience less or sometimes no sleep at all, which effects the whole body and the daily life activities.
I have its definition on which every one will not agree , but generally:
Symptoms which lasts less than 1 week are known as transient insomnia,
And the symptoms between 1-3 weeks are known as short-term insomnia and those longer than 3 weeks are known as chronic insomnia.

Causes Of Insomnia:

There are many physical and psychological causes of this disorder:
1. Stress.
2. Depression.
3. Schizophrenia.
4. Unpleasant noises.
5. Unpleasant moods.
6. Relationship mis under standings.
7. Withdrawal from drug, alcohol, sedative, or stimulant medications.
8. On high altitudes.
9. Nasal congestions.
10. Fever.
11. Cough.
12. Heart failure.
13 Angina.
14 Fear.
15 Anxiety.
16 Tension.
17 Pregnancy.
18 Menopause.
19 Drug addiction.
20 Severe injury.

Symptoms Of Insomnia:

1. Memory difficulty.
2. Alcohol and antihistamines may compound the problems with sleep deprivation.
3. Irritability and impaired social interaction
4. Lack of interest in daily lives
5. Poor focus and concentration

Treatment of Insomnia:

The patients should seek advice from the doctors and specialists and the people with psychological disorders should see a psychologist also which an help them in solving their problems and making them sleep without an stress and tension.

HIVES (Uticaria)

Hives in medical term are known as uticaria, which are swollen red, very itchy, smoothly elevated disorder of skin. They appear anywhere on body with different sizes and different shapes, from few millimeters to inches in diameter. Hives are more common in woman than men. The swelling which occurs in skin parts which is deep and that is followed by hives is called angioedema.

Causes Of Hives :

Hives are caused when histamine is released from the body cells called mast cells.which actually release from the blood vessels and causes hives which are swollen on the skin.hives are very common they resolve after a period of time by themselves.some types of hives are caused as a result of allergy but mostly no defeinite cause is known.hives leads towards stress.

Symptoms Of Hives :

There is no definite symptom, some of the mostly found signals of hives are:
1. Reddish skin
2. Itching around the skin again and again and leading towards pain or reddish skin.
3. Swollen part of skin
4. Feeling uncomfortable with skin and itching again and again.

Treatment Of Hives :

1. Most common treatment is Antihistamines.
2. Tropical therapies are available in hospitals.
3. Camphor,menthol and pramoxine can help in get rid of it.
4. Cortisone-containing creams (steroids) are helpful creams in treating hives.

Sinus

Humans have four pairs of cavities :
1. Frontal which lies in the forehead region.
2. Maxillary sinus behind cheeks.
3. Ethmoid between the eyes.
4. Sphenoid sinus deep behind the ethmoids.


The 4 pairs of sinuses are often be described as a single unit and termed as "paranasal sinuses", from inside all of them are lining mucus secreting and epithelial cells which takes active part in inhaling and exhaling of the air from the nostrils, their functions are : humidifying and warming inspired air, insulation of surrounding structures (eyes, nerves), increasing voice resonance and as buffers against facial trauma. The sinuses decrease the weight of the skull.
The infection of the sinus occurs when there is a blockage in any sinus ostium, which is caused by the pathogenic viruses, allergies, humid, bacteria or fungus. Sinusitis is one of the most common condition that can harm people throughout their lives, it is a research based myth that more than 30 million adults of the world have sinus.

Causes Of Sinusitis Infection :

When anything interfere in between the nasal passages, there is a difficulty in passing and inhaling the air easily because the tissue of the effected lining swallowed and there is no way to pass that air easily so it irritate the patients a lot, for example with common colds, allergies, and tissue irritants such as OTC nasal sprays, cocaine, and cigarette smoke.

Types Of Sinusitis :

1. Acute sinus infection ( it usually has less than thirty days duration)
2. Sub-acute sinus infection ( over 1 month and less than 3 month )
3. Chronic sinus infections ( greater than 3 months )

Symptoms Of Sinus :

1. Cold.
2. Cough.
3. Fever.
4. Cloudy, dis colored drainage.
5. Nasal stiffness.
6. Sore throat.
7. Tearing eyes.
8. Itching.

Diagnosis Of Sinus :

Sinus can be easily diagnosed by MRI and CT scan, the physical appearances that a person can diagnose at home are:
1. Pus like drainage from nose
2. Swelling of nose
3. Redness of nasals and nose linings
4. Swelling in cheeks and eyes
5. Tenderness
6. Puffy or teary eyes during influenza or sinus

Treatment Of Sinus Infection :

No antibiotics are required, certain types of nasal drops are given along with the fever and flu or pain medications, the best allergy handlers are zyrtec and larinex, rest during sinus is prescribed by doctors and specialists, infected person should avoiding dusty places,hay fevers and colds, such as cold drinks, chill water, ice, air Conditioner and place of the home where the carpet lies, these are things must be avoided strictly because they may lead to a severe allergy.