Graves Disease

Graves disease is a thyroid condition which affects the gland in a way that the gland results in abnormal over activity and the thyroid of a person starts producing huge amount of hormones.This disease is one of the main cause of hyperthyroidism, it includes nervousness, anxiety, fatigue, bulging eyes, weight loss, hypertension and irritability. Sometimes the complications may lead to life threatening risks.
Graves' disease is more common in women than in men specially in USA. People over the age of 50 who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at severe risk for developing Graves' disease. Graves' disease is also the most common autoimmune diseases, affecting 13 million people and targeting women seven times as often as men.

Symptoms of Grave’s Disease:


1. Shaky hands.
2. Diarrhea.
3. Weight loss.
4. Tremors.
5. Lack of sleep.
6. Sweating.
7. Fatigue.
8. Irritability.
9. Rapid heart rate.

Diagnosis of Grave’s disease:


A blood test is usually performed to check levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and the thyroid hormone thyroxine. If Low levels of TSH and high levels of thyroxine is found then only this disease can be diagnosed.

Treatment of grave's disease:


There is no way to prevent Graves' disease, high level of thyroid glands can be rolled back to the normal level taking regular medicines and by monitoring disease.

Adenoma

Adenoma is a benign tumor that develops from epithelial tissues, it is also found in colon it is often referred to as adenomatous polyps, mostly adenomas are not cancerous but they have ability to become cancerous. No doubt they left a noticeable effect where ever they target in the body that organ show that it is affected by adenoma and is quite uncomfortable for the individual. There are many types of adenomas that are common in women, such as adenomas of liver, colon adenoma which is more common in adults of growing age.

Causes of Adenoma:

The cause of adenoma are yet unknown.

Types of Adenoma:

There are three types of adenomas:
1. Tubular.
2. Tubulovillous.
3. Villous.

Symptoms of Adenoma:

1. Bloody cough.
2. Itching.
3. Bleeding.
4. Shortness of breath.
5. Chills.
6. Fatigue.
There are many unfound symptoms of this disease as well.
There could be many other unknown and unseen symptoms as well that can be seen vary widely.

Diagnosis of Adenoma:

1. By collecting urine samples.
2. By blood tests.
3. Ultra sound imaging.
4. CT scan.
5. Biopsy.
6. MRI.

Treatment of Adenoma:

The treatment usually involves the removal of adenoma although such types of medication can also be used to treat symptoms of this disease as well.

Ebola

Ebola is a deadly virus, the word "Ebola" comes from a name of Ebola River which lies in the northern parts of Congo, Africa, Ebola was first appeared somewhere in 1975-1976, it belongs to the family Filoviridae, which is causative for a severe and sometimes deadly viral hemorrhagic fever, it is mostly found in the animal family of monkeys such as gorillas and chimpanzees, some human beings have also got this virus as well. It is a fatal disease, In an ordinary person the fatality ranges are about 45 to 85 percent, the infections caused by ebola virus are severly acute.

Symptoms of Ebola Virus:

Some of the main symptoms of this ebola virus are:

1. Fever.
2. Headaches.
3. Rash.
4. Profuse hemorrages.
5. The incubation period Ebola HF ranges from 2 to 21 days.
6. Sore throat.
7. Stomach pain.
8. Diarrhea.
9. Vomiting.
10. Muscles and joint pains
11. Internal bleedings.
12. Hiccups.

How this Disease Spread:

1. Ebola is often spread to other people through families and friends of patient, because these people come close to contact with such secretions when caring for infected persons or also with touch of infected needles and objects related to a patient.
2. If used needles or syringes of infected person are reused by any other person then ebola can grow in more people.

Ebola Diagnosis:

1. There are some tests envolved in diagnosing this virus, like ELISA test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) etc. 

Ebola Treatment:

Doctors and specialist usually try to balance the fluids and electrolytes of patient, they also maintain their oxygen status and blood pressure, and treat them for any other infections.

Meningitis

Meningitis is also a very bad and disturbing disease, mostly it is caused by the viruses or some type of bacteria's but some people may be caused by the certain medications and illnesses which are caused due to some other problems, there are two types of meningitis,

1. Viral meningitis
2. Bacterial meningitis
Bacterial meningitis is rare but it is life threatening if it is not treated well and on time. Whereas Viral meningitis is relatively common and far less serious it often remains undiagnosed because it is similar to the common flu.
If vaccinations are being given on time the meningitis can be treated successfully.

Causes of Meningitis:
1. They are linked with routine illnesses which is caused by any ordinary work.
2. Bacteria and viruses which spoils the skin and other systems of body.
3. It may cause head trauma or other types of local infections in a persons body.

Symptoms of Meningitis:
1. Fever.
2. Fatigue.
3. Headaches.
4. Stiff neck.
5. Illness.
6. Skin rashes.
7. Seizures.
8. Lethargy.
9. Irritability.
10. Eye sensitivity.
11. Photo-phobia.

Treatment of Meningitis:
1. One should see doctor if any of the symptoms found which are given above.
2. The patients should be kept is hospital in order to get proper treatment on time.
3. Intravenous (IV) antibiotics are really helpful in treating this disease.
4. Some diseases and conditions like sweating, fever and vomiting can play a vital role in reducing inflammation of the meninges which totally depends upon meningitis's level.

Anthrax

Anthrax is one of the deadly infectious disease, mostly the animals are affected by it, it attacks ruminants in most cases in which horses, cattle, sheep and goat are in huge quantity all around the globe, humans can catch this disease as well and the main cause of getting this disease is contacting with animals, now a days this infectious disease is getting and grasping more attention towards treatment, its diagnosis and research as compared to some years back when there was nothing.

Causes of anthrax:

1. It is caused by an infectious bacterium.

Some ways by which it can effect humans:

1. A person can get this disease through parts of skin where he / she may get injury and got healed by it without any proper treatment.

2. Through carcasses of dead animals that have been contaminated with anthrax it may be fatal for a life.

3. One of the deadliest cause of this diseases is through inhalation anthrax. If the spores of anthrax are inhaled by a person, which directly travels to the lungs of a person and where this bacteria creates some more bacteria.

Causes of anthrax:

Anthrax may cause some diseases which are as below:

1. Inhalation anthrax

2. Cutaneous anthrax

3. Gastrointestinal anthrax

Diagnosis of anthrax:

It may be easily diagnosed by following method:

1. Through skin.

2. Through chest x-ray.

3. Through stool or blood tests.

Treatment of anthrax:

1. The skin anthrax can be treated by the penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) easily.

2. A vaccine is available for treating anthrax but before that human welfare or human healths organizations should be reported about it so as they can research and treat that.

3. Anthrax is treated by antibiotics.

Heart Attack

When there is not enough oxygen flow to a heart, its function begins to suffer, heart is a organ which is responsible for blood and oxygen supply to all over the body, when there is insufficient or no passage for oxygen to flow it. Block the oxygen supply completely, and the muscle of the heart starts to die this is termed as heart attack, it is very common worldwide.

Causes of heart attack:

1. Plaque may become a blokeage.

2. Plaque which is made up of cholesterol it can block veins with lots of calcium deposits.

3. Narrow arteries.

4. Angina

5. Too much smoking may block the arteries.

Risk factors involved in heart attack:

1. Hereditary

2. Smoking

3. Diabetes

4. High blood pressure

5. High cholesterol

6. Cocaine use

7. Abnormal oxygenation

8. Severe angina

Sign and symptoms of heart attack:

1. Chest pain

2. Shortness of breath

3. Nausea

4. Jaw chew

5. Indigestion

6. Weakness

7. Fatigue

8. Pain in heart

9. Too much sweating

First Aid at home:

Immediately take an aspirin if you are concerned with any type of above symptoms or you experience heart attack.

Diagnosis of heart attack:

1. Medical history

2. Physical examinations

3. Diagnosis of cholesterol,smoking and diabetes.

important questions include:

1. When did the pain start?

2. What were you doing?

3. Did you have to stop?

4. Did the pain get better with rest?

5. Did the pain come back with activity?

6. Did the pain stay in your chest or did it move somewhere else, like the jaw, teeth, arm or back?

7. Did you get short of breath?

8. Did you become nauseous?

9. Were you sweating profusely?

Treatment of heart attack:

Treatment may involve weekly tests of blood pressure,blood and ecg.

Migraine Headache

Migraine headache is a pain of head's half part, this pains occurs when the blood vessels of a person enlarge automatically, it effects more females than males throughout the world, taking America only the ratio of causing migraine in women is three times more than men. This pains last for around 4 to 72 hours in adults and around 1-2 days in children.

Causes of Migraine Headache:

The main migraine headache causes are:
1. Listening to sound continuously for more than 3 hours.
2. Exposure to light for hours, for example, sitting in front of computer or television screen for long time.
3. Stress, hunger and sometimes fatigue plays important role causing migraine headache.
Treatment of Migraine Headache:

The best way that doctors advice is less use of aspirin, person should take rest when having migraine headache and should take medicine according to doctors advice.

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a medical disorder in which a person feels pain and aches throughout the body, this pain is found in some points which are also called tender points, which include low back, hips, shoulders, arms, leg and neck. Tender points which are mentioned above hurts a lot when some sort of pressure is put on them. Majority of people having fibromyalgia are women, there percentage is around 75-85% whereas men have less ratio of it.

Signs and symptoms of Fibromyalgia:

There are many symptoms of fibromyalgia but the main one's are :
1. Fatigue.
2. Joint pain.
3. Depression.
4. Stress.
5. Anxiety.
6. Headaches.

Causes of Fibromyalgia:

It has been caused to many people but its cause is not known up til now, some of the main causes which specialists think that they may be involved are:
1. Infection.
2. Illness.
3. Accidents like bike or car crash.
4. Doing same action again and again and getting injured by that.
5. It may be caused genetically.
6. Due to wrong posture.

Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia:

The diagnosis process is carried out by doctors by checking the past history of patient. It can only be diagnosed if the person have this pain from more than 1-2 months and having pain in tender points.

Treatment of Fibromyalgia:

It can only be treated with regular exercise and doctors advices physical therapy, pain killers are used to control pain.

Myopia

Myopia Definition:

Myopia is termed as the short sightedness of any individual, he may not see far objects clearly as all normal people can do, its a disorder of eye sightedness, the person cannot see the written things very far or see distant. People having myopia bears difficulty seeing far objects, but can see objects that are near clearly.
Example, a person who is nearsighted may not be in position to see highway signs clearly until he reaches closer to it.

Causes of myopia:

1. The rays of light tilt incorrectly into the eye whose work is to transmit scene or image to the brain.
2. Too much use of computers or television screens from very near may cause myopia.
3. The cornea of these people is curvature.
4. The eye ball may be too long.
5. Myopia may be by birth or by hereditary it runs in many families.

Symptoms of myopia:

1. Fatigue.
2. Eye strains.
3. Headaches.
4. Eyes burning.
5. Unable to look far away.
6. Itching in eyes all the time.
7. Tension in eyes because of tension in eyes.

Diagnosis of myopia:

1. By the standard eye exams used by all the doctors to check the eyesight.
2. By computerized eye checking.

Treatment of myopia:

1. Use of eye glass, lenses or refractive surgery are the main treatment ways.
2. Photorefractive keratectomy.
3. Laser surgery.
4. Various eye exercises may help if they are done daily and time to time.
5. Iron and protein supplement is important in myopia.

Constipation

Constipation is defined in term as fewer than three stools per week and severe constipation as less than one stool per week, it is a bowel disorder, it is caused by the slow movement of stool through the colon. Colonic inertia and pelvic floor dysfunction causes constipation. More than 95% of people age above 18 have intestine movements between 3-21 times weekly, and this would be considered normal. Constipation is found worldwide, there are many diseases in human body which are caused due to constipation, it is estimated that 75 to 85 diseases are caused as the result of constipation in human body.

Causes of constipation:

1. Slow passive of digesting food.
2. Problem in colon.
3. Colon disorders.
4. Food not chewed well can cause constipation.
5. Narcotic medications also causes constipation.
6. Iron supplements.
7. Increasing in dietry fibre.
8. Laxatives.
9. Hormonal disorders.
10. Pelvic floor dysfunction.
11. Colon inertia.

Diagnosis of constipation:

1. Anal fissure.
2. Medical history.
3. Abdominal x-rays.
4. Blood tests.
5. Barium enema.
6. Physical examinations.
7. Defecography.
8. MRI.

Treatments of constipation:

1. Maximum use of dietry fibre.
2. Using fruits and vegetables.
3. Low dose of food.
4. Use of lubricant laxatives.
5. Emollient laxatives (also known as stool softeners).
6. Hypersmolar laxatives.
7. Use of Colchicine.
8. Exercises.
9. Surgery.