Pica

What is Pica ?

Pica is a medical disorder non nutritive in nature, it may be caused due to some psychological issues of the individual, characterized by an appetite for substances which are usually not eatable and have are non nutritive (for example clay, metal, coal, sand, dirt, soil, toothbrushes, soap, mucus, ash, gum and things which are available in powdery form or the ingredients from the food source (for example salt, flour, potato, rice, starch, ice cubes). The word Pica basically comes from a latin word magpie a bird that is reputed to eat almost everything. pica can be seen in people of all ages but most commonly seen in pregnant women,children and the people with developmental disorders.
Most commonly pica is seen in women and children, it is found in those children who have habit of eating dangerous things like lead, plastics and steels and other things which are poisonous.

Causes Of Pica Syndrome :

Pica syndrome is disorder of appetite cause due to mineral deficiency like take iron deficiency which results in celiac diseases or certain hookworms infection, the individual eats those minerals in pica form in which he is having deficiency in his body. It is usually seen that some mental health conditions like obsessive compulsive disorder can easily cause this disorder, it is also researched that traumatic stress are also lead to pica, individuals having pica disease have some sort of family problem, child abuse and some other factors too.

Symptoms Of Pica :

1. When it is diagnosed that the individual eats non nutritive foods or metals.
2. Eating those things (non nutritive) again and again by an individual.
3. Although eating poisonous or dangerous things without any hesitation.
4. Addiction of non nutritive or harmful food ingredients and also the metals.

Treatment Of Pica :

1. Treating the deficiencies of minerals in body.
2. Family advice
3. Consulting a doctor which can guide and can handle the psychological problems regarding this.
4. The therapy and medication such as SSRIs are commonly used throughout the world.
5. Zinc is successful at treating pica.
6. Behavior therapies.

Goiter

Goitre is caused due to deficiency of iodine in diet, it is also known as Goiter, the deficiency of iodine causes swelling in the neck where thyroid gland is, there are 90% cases worldwide effected by goiter, iodine is a compulsory mineral for avoiding goiter, most commonly it is widely seen in those countries which are developing and the intake of salts or iodine are low there, iodine is to be taken by every men, women, children, teenage and infant to avoid goiter.

Causes Of Goitre :

1. The thyroid gland which lies in the body uses organic iodine in its secretion process and a diet deficient in organic iodine is affecting factor towards causing this disease, especially under physical and emotional disturbances.
2. It effects those who intake denatured foods.
3. Food taken in raw or uncooked form may also lead toward goiter.

Symptoms Of Goiter :

1. Swelling on neck area appears and it is very obvious may be clearly seen on the neck easily.
2. Pain in the neck region.
3. Fever, headaches.
4. Fatigue.
5. Unemotional and embarrassment in state of mind.
6. Lack of confidence.
7. Dull skin color.

Home Remedies Of Goiter :

1. Rest and bowel cleansing with lukewarm water:
For the first five days the patient should take complete rest and should clean the bowel with lukewarm water daily.

2. Using seeds of Flex:
The seeds of flex are good for reducing swelling, they should be heated in water, grounded and then applied to effected area.

3. Bauhinia variegate for goiter:
Also known as kachnar should be used for goiter, it should be used in empty stomach twice a day.

4. Swamp cabbage for goiter:
the water or tea of swamp cabbage should be used daily, it is good for thyroid hormones.

5. Using iodine:
Iodine should be given in organic form oats, garlic, lettuce, onion, carrot, guavas, pineapple, egg yolks, citrus fruits, rice, strawberries and tomatoes should be given.

6. Leaves of dandelion are good for goiter.

7. Watercress paste:
A paste made of watercress applied to effected area reduces the swelling and pain in goiter effected area.


Diets For Goitre Patients :

1. Fruits.
2. Milk.
3. Fresh fruit juices.
4. Those foods which are enrich with iodine and calcium.

Foods To Avoid During Goiter :

1. White sugars.
2. Teas.
3. Alcohols.
4. Flesh foods.
5. Greasy foods.
6. Condiments.
7. Preserves.

Blue Babies

Blue babies syndrome is an environmental caused disease in children. It is also called methemoglobinemia, it causes when the blood of an infant is unable to carry enough rewired amount of oxygen to the cells and tissues of the body. It is caused by a increased level of methemoglobin which lies in the blood.
Methemoglobin is a non oxygen carrying enzyme which is produced in body continually, it is converted into haemoglobin. The amount of haemoglobin reduces due to the Methemoglobin. The blue babies is a environmental cause, basically the color of the baby soon after or after sometime becomes bluish in color due to lack of oxygen in heart and blood.

Causes Of Blue Babies :

Blue baby syndrome is caused by several congenital heart defects which results in low supply of oxygen along with blood in the body and the abnormal flow of the blood from right to left shunt causes baby to turn blue in color. Other causes are :
1. Baby health condition.
2. Skin conditions.
3. Respiratory condition.

Symptoms Of Blue Babies :

1. Blueness in baby’s body.
2. Weakness and lack of blood.
3. Cyanosis.
4. Respiratory problems.
5. Circulation defects.
6. Heartbeat resonance abnormal.

Treatment Methods Of Blue Babies :

1. The foremost and first option doctors avail after blue baby is diagnosed in a baby they go for the heart surgery to pump the blood in balanced manner through the shunts of the heart.
2. Secondly the supply of oxygen while performing the heart surgery is necessary.
3. Treating cyanosis is very compulsory.
4. Many of the babies died after the heart surgery but now the treatment of blue babies is well known by the doctors.

Insomnia

Insomnia which is also known as sleeplessness is a disorder which mostly experienced by people having age more than 18 or one can say adults in their life. An estimated 25% to 45% of the general population are affected by this disorder and around 10% have chronic insomnia, insomnia is not a disease but it is a condition or state of mind, in this state of mind an adult mostly experience less or sometimes no sleep at all, which effects the whole body and the daily life activities.
I have its definition on which every one will not agree , but generally:
Symptoms which lasts less than 1 week are known as transient insomnia,
And the symptoms between 1-3 weeks are known as short-term insomnia and those longer than 3 weeks are known as chronic insomnia.

Causes Of Insomnia:

There are many physical and psychological causes of this disorder:
1. Stress.
2. Depression.
3. Schizophrenia.
4. Unpleasant noises.
5. Unpleasant moods.
6. Relationship mis under standings.
7. Withdrawal from drug, alcohol, sedative, or stimulant medications.
8. On high altitudes.
9. Nasal congestions.
10. Fever.
11. Cough.
12. Heart failure.
13 Angina.
14 Fear.
15 Anxiety.
16 Tension.
17 Pregnancy.
18 Menopause.
19 Drug addiction.
20 Severe injury.

Symptoms Of Insomnia:

1. Memory difficulty.
2. Alcohol and antihistamines may compound the problems with sleep deprivation.
3. Irritability and impaired social interaction
4. Lack of interest in daily lives
5. Poor focus and concentration

Treatment of Insomnia:

The patients should seek advice from the doctors and specialists and the people with psychological disorders should see a psychologist also which an help them in solving their problems and making them sleep without an stress and tension.

HIVES (Uticaria)

Hives in medical term are known as uticaria, which are swollen red, very itchy, smoothly elevated disorder of skin. They appear anywhere on body with different sizes and different shapes, from few millimeters to inches in diameter. Hives are more common in woman than men. The swelling which occurs in skin parts which is deep and that is followed by hives is called angioedema.

Causes Of Hives :

Hives are caused when histamine is released from the body cells called mast cells.which actually release from the blood vessels and causes hives which are swollen on the skin.hives are very common they resolve after a period of time by themselves.some types of hives are caused as a result of allergy but mostly no defeinite cause is known.hives leads towards stress.

Symptoms Of Hives :

There is no definite symptom, some of the mostly found signals of hives are:
1. Reddish skin
2. Itching around the skin again and again and leading towards pain or reddish skin.
3. Swollen part of skin
4. Feeling uncomfortable with skin and itching again and again.

Treatment Of Hives :

1. Most common treatment is Antihistamines.
2. Tropical therapies are available in hospitals.
3. Camphor,menthol and pramoxine can help in get rid of it.
4. Cortisone-containing creams (steroids) are helpful creams in treating hives.

Sinus

Humans have four pairs of cavities :
1. Frontal which lies in the forehead region.
2. Maxillary sinus behind cheeks.
3. Ethmoid between the eyes.
4. Sphenoid sinus deep behind the ethmoids.


The 4 pairs of sinuses are often be described as a single unit and termed as "paranasal sinuses", from inside all of them are lining mucus secreting and epithelial cells which takes active part in inhaling and exhaling of the air from the nostrils, their functions are : humidifying and warming inspired air, insulation of surrounding structures (eyes, nerves), increasing voice resonance and as buffers against facial trauma. The sinuses decrease the weight of the skull.
The infection of the sinus occurs when there is a blockage in any sinus ostium, which is caused by the pathogenic viruses, allergies, humid, bacteria or fungus. Sinusitis is one of the most common condition that can harm people throughout their lives, it is a research based myth that more than 30 million adults of the world have sinus.

Causes Of Sinusitis Infection :

When anything interfere in between the nasal passages, there is a difficulty in passing and inhaling the air easily because the tissue of the effected lining swallowed and there is no way to pass that air easily so it irritate the patients a lot, for example with common colds, allergies, and tissue irritants such as OTC nasal sprays, cocaine, and cigarette smoke.

Types Of Sinusitis :

1. Acute sinus infection ( it usually has less than thirty days duration)
2. Sub-acute sinus infection ( over 1 month and less than 3 month )
3. Chronic sinus infections ( greater than 3 months )

Symptoms Of Sinus :

1. Cold.
2. Cough.
3. Fever.
4. Cloudy, dis colored drainage.
5. Nasal stiffness.
6. Sore throat.
7. Tearing eyes.
8. Itching.

Diagnosis Of Sinus :

Sinus can be easily diagnosed by MRI and CT scan, the physical appearances that a person can diagnose at home are:
1. Pus like drainage from nose
2. Swelling of nose
3. Redness of nasals and nose linings
4. Swelling in cheeks and eyes
5. Tenderness
6. Puffy or teary eyes during influenza or sinus

Treatment Of Sinus Infection :

No antibiotics are required, certain types of nasal drops are given along with the fever and flu or pain medications, the best allergy handlers are zyrtec and larinex, rest during sinus is prescribed by doctors and specialists, infected person should avoiding dusty places,hay fevers and colds, such as cold drinks, chill water, ice, air Conditioner and place of the home where the carpet lies, these are things must be avoided strictly because they may lead to a severe allergy.

Skin Pigmentation

Skin pigmentation is also called vitiligo. This vitiligo works as a destroyer of melanocytes ( these are the cells which make this pigment ) which are present in the skin as a result the skin becomes dull, different patches appear on the skin as well, pigmentation simply means coloring. This disorder effects the color of skin, there are many faces of skin pigmentation in which some of them are mentioned below:

1. Age spots.
2. Chloasma.
3. Keratosis.
4. Melasma.
5. Marks.
6. Problem in skin cells.
7. Darker skin.

Skin pigmentation results in stress and emotional disorders, lack of confidence in society, embarrassment and loneliness etc. Is someone see any changes in the color of the skin, he/she should consult the doctor or experts.

Causes Of Skin Pigmentation :

1. White spots on the skin are mostly seen before skin pigmentation.
2. Nervus depigmentosus.
3. Pityriasis Alba.
4. White scars.
5. Hypopigmentation.
6. Sun burns also causes skin pigmentation.
7. Deficiency of vitamins and nutritions.
8. Lack of water in the body.

If you are one of those who are experiencing brownish color of skin or darker color then before, different patches on your skin the, you may be suffering from it and which is a common complaint known as skin pigmentation. There are many factors that can instigate skin pigmentation to occur.

Symptoms Of Skin Pigmentation :

Following are the symptoms which are mostly seen are:
1. Change in tone of skin.
2. Darker look.
3. Hypopigmentation.
4. Depigmentation.


What is hypopigmentation?

When the level of skin's pigmentation losses its actual position for example skin becomes darker day by day but slow in process due to loss of pigments.

What is depigmentation?

Depigmentation is a total loss of skin pigment.

ALOPECIA

Alopecia is a hair loss disease which effects the hair scalp of the victim.it may effect either the one side of the head or either the both sides of the scalp.it can also effect the growth of hairs on the other parts of the body beside head hairs.it effects both female and males but in case of majority of the men it is seen as the result of inherited hair disease.most commonly children,men and young adults are effected by Alopecia.

CAUSES OF ALOPECIA :

1. Inheritance from your parents.
2. Abnormality in immune system causes Alopecia.
3. Thyroid diseases causes Alopecia.
4. It can also be the result of allergy.
5. Family heredity and gene are common factor in causing Alopecia.

DIAGNOSIS OF ALOPECIA :

It cannot be diagnosed easily but sometimes the biopsy of scalp can help find this disorder.

TREATMENTS OF ALOPECIA :

1. In some cases hair will regrow without any reason within a year.
2. In some cases Steroid injections and some other types of creams and shampoos (like as fluocinonide and clobetasol ) for the scalp are used from years. Other major medications include minoxidil, irritants (topical coal tar OR anthralin), and topical immunotherapy (cyclosporine), are of these are used with combination with other products.
3. But sometimes there is no treatment for Alopecia the patients has to deal with it through out their life time.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia is a eating disorder mostly can be found in everywhere in the world. Basically its a psychological disorder which refers to over eating. Persons having anorexia usually starts dieting to lose weight. Over time, the weight loss sign of mastery and control.
The drive of becoming thinner is on the mind of the fat person leads him to do exercises, loss of appetite, laxatives or the use of diet pills to reduce the weight of the body in any case. This cycle becomes an obsession and, in this way is similar to an addiction.
Approximately 96% of the victims who are effected by anorexia are females not males, but in some cases males may have this disorder but mostly women and specially teenage girls are usually effected by this disorder. Many specialist and experts consider that people who want themselves slim and thin like actors, dancers, athletes and models, are at severe risk for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

CAUSES OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA :

Following are the causes of this disorder:
1. Hypothalamus ( the part of brain )
2. Mental depressive symptoms
3. Genetic components
4. Over and over eating

DIAGNOSIS OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA :

1. Person can get quality information from a professional consultant.
2. Professional doctor can also help to solve this disorder.
3. Information from a spouse, friend or family member can be useful.
4. Refusal of maintaining and balancing body weight which is above according to one's weight.
5. Fear of gaining weight.
6. Self perception which is fatty or grossly distorted.

SYMPTOMS OF ANOREXIA :

Following are the signs which leads toward anorexia:
1. Depression which is also a main sign.
2. Individual can be easily irritable very soon.
3. Sleep can be disturb.
4. Fatigue.
5. Obsessive compulsive disorder.
6. Low blood pressure.
7. Slow heart beats.
8. Gastrointestinal complications.
9. Bone density loss (osteopenia or thinning of the bones).
10. Anemia ( sleeping disorder).
11. High levels of cholesterol.

TREATMENT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA :

1. Hospitalization to control the eating disorder.
2. Controlling malnutrition.
3. Medical interventions.
4. Psychological interventions.
5. Psychological therapies like family therapy, individual therapy and group therapy.
6. Maudsley model of family therapy is found very reliable in treating this disorder in this population.
7. Weight management.

Mumps

Mumps is a viral disease in humans which is caused by the mumps virus, in past years the vaccination of the mumps was not introduced so that was the reason that most of the children had mumps and were seen mostly but nowadays they are minimized due to the vaccinations and better treatment.

Signs of Mumps :

Following are the mostly seen signs of mumps.
1. Swelling in the salivary glands
2. Rashes
3. Testicular swelling also occurs
4. In teenage men infertility is common during mumps.

Symptoms of Mumps :

1. Headache
2. Fever
3. Orchitis (swelling and pain in testicles)
4. Dry mouth
5. Swelling and pain in ear region
6. Loss of voice

Causes of Mumps :

Mumps is a contagious disease which is usually spread from one person to another through contact with respiratory secretions such as saliva from an infected person. When an infected human coughs or sneezes, the droplets aerosolize and easily enter the nose,eyes or mouth of another person. Another way from which it could be spread is by sharing food and drinks with other person.

Treatment Of Mumps :

Until now their is no any type of permanent treatment for this disease, but paracetamol is often used to reduce pain, secondly icing and heating is also done in the neck part. Infected persons are advised by specialists that not to drink any type of juice of fruits and juices which contains acids in them.