Dwarfism

Dwarfism refers to the disorder of height, the abnormal height of An individual which does not resemble his or her Age is called dwarfism. It is very common in developing countries, epecially in Pakistan, India, Africa and some other locations of Asia are badly affected by it, it is not true that only these areas have this disorder its natural anyone can have it no matter where they are basically it’s a disorder of height.
It occurs as a result of problem in thyroid glands of a person which are present in the neck region, the thyroid gland along with thyroid hormones does not work properly, the thyroid gland is responsible for the height and some other diseases in humans.
Causes of Dwarfism:

The main causes of dwarfism are:
1. Dwarfism causes low self esteem in the patient.
2. Shame and feeling of loneliness.
3. Social influence.
4. Embarrassment.
5. Low confidence level.

Symptoms of Dwarfism:

The main dwarfism symptoms are:
1. The height of child does not develop with the age of the child.
2. Problems in thyroid hormones or glands.
3. Thyroxine does not work properly.
4. Deficiency of iodine.
5. Abnormal features of the face and body.

Treatment of Dwarfism:

The treatment of dwarfism is given in points form below:
1. Certain types of medicines in the market promises that they can increase the height.but there are only 3o % chances of the recovery.
2. Exercises may help.
3. Pull off and jumping exercises are specially helpful.
4. Iodine is important for growth and normal working of thyroid.
5. Good diet may work for better growth.
6. Counseling of the patient should be most important task for doctors and the family or belongings.

Queen Bee Syndrome

Queen bee syndrome was first diagnosed and defined by G.L. Staines, T.E. Jayaratne, and C. Tavris in 1973. Basically it is a psychological disorder, this disorder exists in women, it describes a woman in a position of leader or authority who views and harm other woman under her authority, she treats them more critically, this disorder suggest that women find it more stressful to work for women managers, but in the case of males it is different no criticized was found in case of males.
It can be said that queen bee is one who has succeeded in his or her career, but do not want other to do the same or to reach his/her level.
Former Primer Minister Margaret Thatcher can be taken as a noble example of queen bee.

Causes of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. This disorder may be the cause of jealousy among women which may lead towards critical behaviors.
2. Status, money, beauty, character and popularity may be the cause of jealousy among women.
3. Mostly it occurs in those women who are working models or a authority because of their gender they want credit for themselves not for any other women.
4. Divorces may lost the authoritative position by doing certain negative acts.

Symptoms of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. The woman infected by this syndrome shows certain anger, frustrations and bad behaviors especially toward female colleagues.
2. The social life of that person is not happy it is mostly seen.
3. The authoritative figure i.e female who has the authority might be not happy with her own life and she see other woman as a target that in real she is responsible for her lose.
4. Status symbols in comparing and in competition with other woman may lead towards the queen bee syndrome.

Treatment of Queen Bee Syndrome:

1. It may only treated by counseling and several mind therapies.
2. Social life and social therapies may help.
3. Taking all the human kind as same and not differentiating among them may also help in behavior.
4. The schema that woman is responsible for the destruction of other woman should be removed from the society.

Sciatica

Sciatica is pain which is in the lower parts of our body resulting from movement or irritation of the sciatic nerve, it is felt from lower back towards backbone to thigh and knees, the sciatic nerve is longest bone which presents in human body, it begins from nerve roots in the lumbar spinal cord (low back) and spread through the buttock area, this pain of sciatica bone is referred as sciatica. This nerve can also move while pregnancy and as a result sciatica can occur.

Causes of Sciatica:

1. Any cause of irritation or movement of this sciatic nerve can reproduce the symptoms easily.
2. Irritation of the bone.
3. Swelling and severe pains.
4. Internal bleeding.
5. Tumors.
6. Infections.
7. Injury.
8. Certain bone problems.

Symptoms of Sciatica:

1. Burning sensations.
2. Numbness.
3. Pains.
4. Tingling radiations.
5. Hip pains are common.
6. Difficulty in walking.
7. Problem in bending and stretching of that bone.

Diagnosis of Sciatica:

1. It is not easy to diagnose Sciatica, but it is usually done by physical exam or by medical history of the patient.
2. With MRI.
3. Ct-scan.
4. X-rays.
5. Electromyogram.
These tests and medical analysis can diagnose the sciatica if it is present or not.

Treatment of Sciatica:

1. Sciatica treatment totally depend upon the causes and the severity of its pain.
2. Certain multi-vitamins should be taken as prescribed by the doctor.
3. Certain exercises should be done daily so as to avoid sciatica.
4. Pain management programs may help reduce the pains and severity of the sciatica.
5. Specialist doctors are good at guiding others according to their cases.
6. Arthropedics are the doctors who treats with bone difficulties.
7. In some cases surgery is more important.
8. Complete bed rest may help patient to fell good about pains and it can reduce the intensity of the diseases as well.

Polio

Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It attacks the nervous system directly. In some cases it is seen that polio infection can cause paralysis, usually the children are caught by this virus, People usually get it from polluted food or water. Most infected people never have symptoms as well, polio can be by birth. Although around 85% of polio infections cause no symptoms at all, affected individuals can exhibit a range of symptoms if the virus enters the blood stream, polio can damage the tissues and the effected area can never be prevented.
Once a person is infected by this disease polio, it usually takes about 3-5 days for symptoms to appear completely.
This virus is mostly found in parts of Africa and in some Asian region as well.

Diagnosis of Polio:

1. Weakness
2. Fever
3. Paralysis
4. Serious breathing
5. Severe muscles pains
6. Inability of use of one or both legs
7. Several muscles fails to work.

Causes of Polio:

1. Polio is caused by a virus which only lives in the main body parts of a person throat and intestinal tract.

Symptoms of Polio:

1. In mild polio, headache, nausea, vomiting, general discomfort or a slight fever for up to three days.
2. In nonparalytic polio, the symptoms are same as in mild fever in addition with moderate fever, stiff neck and back, fatigue and muscle pain.
3. For paralytic polio: tremor, muscle weakness, fever, stiffness, constipation, muscle pain and spasms, and sometimes difficulty swallowing.

Treatment of Polio:

1. Polio can be prevented through the vaccine which is available from more than 10 years. All healthy children between the ages of six weeks and 18 years should be vaccinated against polio as part of their complete vaccination schedule. But in some countries only children of having age less than 6 years are given vaccine.
2. There are some hospitals available where complete counseling of patients is also done.

Tetanus

Tetanus is a kind of infectious disease which is caused by infection or pollution of wounds and injuries from bacteria that live in the soil and other rusty materials. This bacteria which is also known as Bacterium Clostridium tetani is a very hard and long living organism capable of living many years in the soil in a form called the spore. Kitasota first discovered that bacteria in 1899. Tetanus occurs when a wound of a person becomes infected or polluted with bacterial spores, the tetanus bacteria then enters into the muscles and bones and that gram bacteria causes many toxic and very harmful after effects, those who recover from tetanus have no longer effects of tetanus in their lives.

Puncture wounds are the best entrance for the bacteria into your body, in United States only 45-55 cases are seen every year. In developing countries of some parts of Asia, South America and around all parts of Africa tetanus is far more common. The annual worldwide occurrence of tetanus infection is more than 50 million cases, this disease has around four types which may be seen in patients:

1. Generalized tetanus can affect all skeletal muscles and it is the most severe of all.
2. Local tetanus manifests the muscles spams and wounds full of bacteria.
3. Cephalic tetanus causes the effects on face after head or face injury and lock jaw may occur.
4. Neonatal tetanus effects the neonates babies.may be new born or 1 month old.

Causes of Tetanus :

1. Clostridium Tetani the name of bacteria which is the main cause of infection.
2. Spores are usually found in mud, sand and animal waste and may survive in ones body for long time.
3. Frostbite.
4. Surgeries.
5. Childbirth.
6. Abscesses.
7. Crush wounds.
8. People who are not immunized or vaccinated may easily get this disease.

Symptoms of Tetanus :

1. Sore muscles.
2. Muscles rigidity.
3. Muscles cramps.
4. Swallowing.
5. Facial muscles are often affected first. Trismus or lockjaw is most common.
6. Problems of open wounds.

Diagnosis of Tetanus :

1. Certain changes in blood pressure (especially high blood pressure).
2. Irregular heartbeat.
3. Fever.
4. Pains in muscles.
5. Incomplete tetanus immunization.
6. If the wound is large, crushed, or heavily polluted, you should go to the nearest hospital's emergency department for evaluation.

Treatment of Tetanus :

Tetanus shot are mostly used in order to cure it, it is also known as tetanus booster shot.
1. Antibiotics like metronidazole should be taken which is best to kill infectious bacteria.
2. Wound cleansing.
3. Pain medicines.
4. An injection for prevention to tetanus is must which doctors advise that one should prevent tetanus infection after getting injured, and this injection should be taken with in 24 hours of injury.

First Aid At Home :

1. Clean the wound with pyodine or Dettol by applying on clean cotton.
2. Apply pressure to the area of bleeding to minimize blood loss.
3. Skin should be cleaned with soap and running water.

Plague

Plague is a disease which is transmitted from infected animals, usually by an insect named as fleas, to humans. It may also cause from person to person by touching or breathing droplets that contain the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. This bacteria can easily spread into the bloodstream and starts effecting other organs of the body, plague is a dangerous disease, the bacteria can also cause death of the effected person.

Plague Causes :

1. Once a human is infected, it is fairly easy for that person to infect other people with the organisms especially if they develop pulmonary infection because droplets containing Yersinia.
2. Lea bite is dangerous if it bites many people at a time and transfer the disease to their bloods one by one.
3. In general, plague circulates in the areas where infected fleas on rodents transfer the bacteria to other rodents which usually take places by the jaws of two infected bodies.
4. Direct contact with infected body may cause plague.
5. Through animals especially dogs.

Plague Symptoms :

1. They can be classified into three categories:
Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. But a patient may be present with just one type also.
i. Bubonic: lymphs and nodes becomes swollen in three to seven days, term bubonic is derived from buboes) and the patient may also develop fever, chills, and weakness in this type of category.
ii. Septicemic: these patients do not develop buboes but symptoms may be chills, fever, shiver, bleeding,weaknesses, septic shocks, blood pressure.
iii. Pneumonic: pains, fevers, chest pains, shortness of breaths appear in this type of plague.

Plague Diagnosis :

1. Bleeding from any part of the body.
2. The two main types of problems, Fever and lymphadenopathy arises in a person who resides in or have visited to a plague-endemic area.
3. Patient’s exposure towards animals or fleas or the flea accompany them.
4. Patient getting fatigue or may get out of control due to the spreading of bacteria towards his or her brain.

Atopic

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease, which is not easily treatable, it affects large amount of population throughout the world. It is also called eczema, dermatitis, or atopy. Most often it is termed as skin allergy or sensitivity, the atopic dermatitis include eczema, hay fever and asthma like things, it may be a hereditary disease too it shows severe itching and rashes on the body.
"Atopic" refers to diseases that are hereditary, tend to run in families, and often occur together. It causes redness, swelling, cracking, weeping, crusting, and scaling, it can occur in any age but mostly it effects the young and infants, It affects males and females equally and accounts for 10%-20 % of all referrals to dermatologists, it has been researched that around 70% of patients develop symptoms in the first year of life, and 90% develop symptoms before the age of 5, it is common in urban areas because of the extreme outside exposure of the people towards the sunlight. People with dry skin are mostly affected by this. In this diseases if any thing touches with the infected area, it itches a lot.

Causes Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. The disease can cause due to two main factors: genetic (hereditary) and environmental factors.
2. Disease is associated with atopic disorders like hay fever (seasonal allergies) and asthma in many people.
3. Emotional disorders.
4. Itching all over body for a long time.

Symptoms Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. Red skin.
2. Dryness.
3. Itching.
4. Sensation of burning on skin.
5. Typical affected skin areas include the folds of the arms, the back of the knees, wrists, face, and hands.
6. Itching is also a main problem in this disease which usually occurs during sleep time, when conscious control of scratching reduces and the absence of the outside stimuli makes the itchiness more problematic and noticable.
7. Itching on pimples may worsen the condition towards atopic dermatitis.

Treatment Of Atopic Dermatitis :

1. The doctors and specialists suggests some sort of treatment plan which are usually based on the patient's age, his/her symptoms, and general health condition.
2. Lubricating the skin right after baths or showers may help.
3. Keep finger nails short, try to cut them after 8 days.
4. Choose soft clothes for babies specially.
5. Consider using antihistamines to decrease the scratching at night.
6. Phototherapy main also help getting at normal condition.
7. Using creams which kill bacteria like clear, gentacin and tracnesan, Giving moisture to body while atopic dermatitis can help in removing dryness from skin.

Dyscalculia

Dyscalculia is a reading disorder, it may refer to as the mathematical or intelligence problem in childhood and in adulthood as well, according to British dyslexia association it is said that dyscalculia and dyslexia go together but independent of each other, 40 to 50 % of dyslexics shows no sign of dyscalculia, it is also found that every 3 to 4 % of population is effected by dyscalculia of those who only have difficulty with mathematics and but have good or even excellent performance with other subjects, this disorder actually effects both the three sensation of the person involved in solving mathematical or technical things they are: visual perception, visual memory and logical thinking.

Symptoms of Dyscalculia :

1. Poor understandings of the signs +, _, *< % , # etc. that is difficulty in understanding sign languages.
2. A person feels difficulty in mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, division etc
3. Difficulty with time tables.
4. Difficulty with numbers and amounts.
5. Problem in using calculator.
6. Every kind of mathematical objects can easily confuse patients of dyscalculia.
7. May have poor sense of directions like west, north, east and south.
8. May have difficulty in measuring instruments or distances.

Diagnosis Of Dyscalculia :

The disorder can be diagnosed easily if your child or a person is experiencing problems in mathematics or reading even in other subjects, after diagnosis so as to confirm it you should see a specialist psychologist who deals with it and he may take your counseling and will show you results according to your mind position.

Treatment of Dyscalculia :

1. First of all focus on their strengths and weaknesses.
2. Find different methods to approach math problems.
3. Encourage the patients to ask questions.
4. Its treatment is possible through different ways like, with love, research on subject and patience.